Spider venom, protein pesticide could stave off
'beemageddon'
Researchers in the United Kingdom hope that a
new pesticide they have developed using spider venom and plant protein will
help curb the demise of the honeybee population, thereby staving off
catastrophe for global agriculture and food production.
Pesticides are widely blamed for the demise of
bee colonies, which pollinate no less than a third of the food grown in the
United States but have seen their population take an alarming fall over the
past decade. Scientists have yet to find a single cause for the sudden fall,
but a growing body of research has pointed the blame at poor nutrition and a
class of agricultural pesticides known as neonicotinoids, or neonics.
A new study conducted by academics at Newcastle
University in England, though, has announced that by combining venom from the
deadly Australian funnel web spider with lectin protein from the snowdrop plant
they could have a new pesticide that does not cause bees to become confused and
lose their way when traveling to the hive, as happens now.
They have developed a new biopesticide known
Hv1a/GNA, which will allow bees to continue foraging for food without the
difficulty so many undergo when they are hit with pesticides, many of which
originate with genetically modified organisms (GMOs).
“There is now substantial evidence linking
neonicotinoid pesticides to poor performance and survival in bees,”
Angharad Gatehouse of Newcastle University's biology department said in a press
statement. “Our findings suggest that [the pesticide] is unlikely to cause
any detrimental effects on honeybees. Previous studies have already shown it is
safe for higher animals, which means it has real potential as a pesticide and
offers us a safe alternative to some of those currently on the market.”
Again, the widespread colony collapse has been
attributed to a variety of factors however a study released earlier this month
tied the “greatly misdiagnosed colony collapse disorder” to colonies
that have 10 times more pesticides than a bee would find in the natural world,
according to the New York Times.
The phenomenon became even more confounding
when the drastic losses slowed over this past winter to 23.2 percent nationwide
compared to 30.5 percent the winter before.
“It's better than some of the years we've
suffered,” Dennis vanEngelsdorn, a director of the Department of
Agriculture and the Bee Informed Partnership, told Times, adding that 23.2
percent “is not a good number...We've gone from horrible to bad.”
The Newcastle team hopes to continue that trend
by improving the chances that the biopesticide they have developed will only “slightly”
affect bee colonies, as it did with their sample size. The venom/protein
combination had no measurable impact on the bees' learning or memory, which the
insect relies on when it is trying to memorize the route to and from the hive.
“There isn't going to be one silver bullet,”
Gatehouse said. “What we need it an integrated pest management strategy, and
insect-specific pesticides will be just one part of that.”
Some of the optimism centered on the bees'
already proven ability to break the biopesticide down within their own bodies.
Dr. Geraldine Wright told the Daily Mail that even larvae
were unaffected by the biopesticide, creating the possibility that the spider
venom can not surpass the bees' calcium channel.
“About 90 per cent of the world's plants are
directly reliant on pollinators to survive,” she said. “If we destroy
the biodiversity of pollinators then it will be irrelevant how effective our
pesticides are because we will not have any crops to protect.”
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